Developing a New, National Approach to Surveillance for Ventilator-Associated Events Available to Purchase

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.

Shelley S. Magill, Scott Fridkin, Alice Guh, and Teresa Horan are from the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Michael Klompas is from the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and the Infection Control Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and represents the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Arlington, Virginia. Robert Balk is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and represents the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine). Suzanne M. Burns is from the School of Nursing, Critical and Acute Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and represents the CCSC. Clifford S. Deutschman is from the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and represents the CCSC. Daniel Diekema is from the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and represents the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Surveillance Working Group, Atlanta. Linda Greene is from the Infection Prevention and Control Department, Rochester General Health System, Rochester, New York and represents the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Washington, DC. David Gutterman is from the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee and represents the CCSC. Beth Hammer is from the Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and represents the CCSC. David Henderson is from the Hospital Epidemiology and Quality Improvement, the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dean R. Hess is from the Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, the Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and represents the American Association for Respiratory Care, Irving, Texas. Nicholas S. Hill is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston and represents the CCSC. Marin Kollef is from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and represents the CCSC. Mitchell Levy is from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence and represents the CCSC. Edward Septimus is from the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas and represents the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia. Carole VanAntwerpen is from the New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Albany, and represents the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta. Don Wright is from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Pamela Lipsett is from the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and represents the CCSC.