About Critical Care Nurse

Mission

The mission of Critical Care Nurse, a bimonthly peer-reviewed journal, is to provide critical and acute care nurses with relevant, useful, and evidence-based information concerning the bedside care of critically and acutely ill patients and to keep critical and acute care nurses informed on issues that affect the quality and safety of their practice. By reading any issue of Critical Care Nurse, critical and acute care nurses will benefit through increased knowledge, which they will be able to use to achieve optimal outcomes when caring for patients and their families.

Editor in Chief

ANNETTE M. BOURGAULT, PhD, RN, CNL, FAAN

Founding Editors

VEE RICE, PhD, RN
PENNY VAUGHN, MSN, RN

Editor Emerita

JoANN GRIF ALSPACH, EdD, MS, RN

Editorial Board

JENNY ALDERDEN, PhD, APRN, CCRN, CCNS
Boise, Idaho
CARL GOFORTH, PhD, RN, CCRN
Jacksonville, Florida
A. BRAD HALL, PharmD
Lakeland, Florida
SHANNAN K. HAMLIN, PhD, RN, AGACNP, CCRN, NE-BC
Hospital, Texas
NESTOR NEIL A. PEIG, MSN, RN, CNS, CCRN, AGCNS-BC
Los Angeles, California
TARA L. SACCO, PhD, RN, CCRN, ACCNS-AG
Rochester, New York
DEBRA SIELA, PhD, RN, CCNS, ACNS-BC, CCRN, CNE, RRT
Muncie, Indiana
L. DOUGLAS SMITH JR, DNP, APRN, ACNP-BC, CCRN, CNRN, SCRN
Nashville, Tennessee
ROSEMARY TIMMERMAN, DNP, APRN, CCNS, CCRN-CSC-CMC
Anchorage, Alaska
JILL SIEGRIST THOMAS, MSN, RN, CPNP-AC
Alexandria, Virginia

Editorial Office

American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
27071 Aliso Creek Rd, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656
(800) 809-2273, (949) 448-7370
Website: www.ccnonline.org
Email: [email protected]

Publishing Manager: MICHAEL MUSCAT
Managing Editor: REBECKA WULF
Art Director: MICHI L. TURNER
Production Designer: MATTHEW EDENS
Publishing Coordinator: SAM MARSELLA
Copy Editors: JULIE HENDERSON, LORI MICHELLE RYAN, ANNETTE THEURING, and LAURIE ANNE WALDEN
Clinical Advisors: CINDY CAIN, SARAH DELGADO, ROSEMARIE FABER, SARA GRIESHOP, JULIE MILLER, and MEREDITH PADILLA
Consulting Editor: JOANN GRIF ALSPACH
Peer-Review Coordinator: BETTY SCHIEFELBEIN

American Association of Critical-Care Nurses

President
Jennifer Adamski, DNP, APRN, ACNP-BC, CCRN

President-elect
Rebekah Marsh, BSN, RN, CCRN

Secretary
Tiffany Mullen, MSN, RN, ACCNS-P, CCRN

Treasurer
Jarrod Atkinson, MS, RN, NEA-BC, CCRN

Directors
Kristina Brooks, DNP, MBOE, RN, CCRN, AACC, LSSBB
Dawn Carpenter, DNP, ACNP-BC, CCRN
Kelly Carter, MS, RN, NE-BC
Nicole Fontenot, DNP, APRN, ACNP-BC, CCNS, CCRN
Desiree Hodges, MBA, BSN, RN, CCRN, NE-BC
Sara Knippa, MS, RN, ACCNS-AG, CCRN, PCCN
Dannette Mitchell, MSN, APRN, ACNS-BC, CCRN
Lynn Orser, MSN, RN, CCRN, PCCN, NPD-BC
Kristen Skillings, MA, APRN, CCRN, CCNS

Chief Executive Officer
Dana Woods, MBA

Critical Care Nurse (ISSN 0279-5442) is published bimonthly (February, April, June, August, October, December) by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN), 27071 Aliso Creek Rd, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656. Telephone: (949) 362-2000. FAX: (949) 362-2049. Email: [email protected]. Copyright 2025 by AACN. All rights reserved.

Critical Care Nurse is an official peer-reviewed publication of AACN. AACN journals do not charge author fees. Revenues are based on membership dues, individual and institutional subscriptions (including aggregated collections), advertising, reprints, single-copy sales, online pay-per-view options, and reuse permissions. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system without permission of AACN. For all permission requests, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. (978) 750-8400. Prices on bulk reprints of articles is available on request from AACN at (800) 899-1712.

The statements and opinions contained herein are solely those of individual contributors and not of the editors or AACN. The editors and AACN assume that articles emanating from a particular institution are submitted with the approval of the requisite authority, including all matters pertaining to human studies and patient privacy requirements. Advertisements in this journal are not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products by the editors or AACN, who disclaim all responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas or products referred to in articles or advertisements.

The name and title Critical Care Nurse are protected through a trademark registration in the US Patent Office. Critical Care Nurse is indexed in Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO collections, and Ovid collections. Electronic copies of all content are stored in a separate location in addition to the publishing office.

Printed in the USA. Periodicals postage paid at Laguna Beach, California, and additional mailing offices. Change of address: Send notices to CRITICAL CARE NURSE, Subscription Service Department, 27071 Aliso Creek Rd, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656. Allow 4 to 6 weeks for change to take effect. Printed on acid-free paper.

Annual Subscriptions

Individual subscriptions: US and possessions, $49; all other countries, $100. Institutional rates: US, print and online, $730; all other countries, $950. Institutional rates (print only): US, $535; all other countries, $765. Institutional rates (online only): US, $405; all other countries, $405. Single copies and back issues: US, $50; all other countries, US$60. Owing to delivery issues, only online subscriptions are available in China, India, the Middle East, and Africa.

For membership and subscription questions: AACN members, individual nonmembers, call (800) 899-2226 or (949) 362-2000 or email [email protected]; for institution subscription questions: call (847) 504-8745 or email [email protected]. Pay per view of individual articles and issues is available on the respective article and issue pages. Change of address: Send notices to CRITICAL CARE NURSE, Subscription Service Department, 27071 Aliso Creek Rd, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656-3399. Allow 4 to 6 weeks for change to take effect.

Advertising

AACN observes strict guidelines about the appearance of advertising in its journals and does not endorse any particular advertiser, brand, company, or service. Advertising of products such as alcohol, tobacco, recreational drugs, weapons or firearms, gambling, pornography, or political advertisements are prohibited. Advertisements we display in print or on the journal websites are not related to editorial decision-making and appear at random, unrelated to reader behavior. AACN staff have final authority on approving advertisements. A ratio of 40:60 advertising to editorial pages or lower is considered acceptable, but a minimum of 25% of content published in AACN journals must be editorial in nature. For more information about AACN's print and digital advertising rules and guidelines, inquire at [email protected].

If you are interested in an advertisement in Critical Care Nurse (or the American Journal of Critical Care), please contact The Walchli Tauber Group (see below).

Product/Device/Pharmaceutical Advertising

Companies A-M

Greg Pessagno
National Sales Manager
The Walchli Tauber Group
410-688-0182
[email protected]

Companies N-Z

Kelley Russell
National Sales Manager
The Walchli Tauber Group
214-704-4628
[email protected]

Recruitment and Classified Advertising

Anne Green
Recruitment/Education Sales Manager
The Walchli Tauber Group
864-616-7797
[email protected]